Library
The knowledge archive
Everything this universe stands on: original writing, books worth reading for each world, and the 111 sources behind its facts and visualisations. Every source was checked on the date shown.
Writing
- Freedom without a new prison
Every route to freedom comes with its own obligations. How do you choose the ones worth having?
- Owning a business, or being owned by one
Knowing how to work hard is not a reason to build another job for yourself. Notes on a different relationship with work.
- Questions beneath the surface
Why I read across philosophy, consciousness and religious traditions, and the rules I hold myself to when writing about them.
- What stays scarce when making things gets cheap?
If software, research and design keep getting cheaper, value has to move somewhere. A working list of candidates, none of them assumed safe.
- An operating system for a one-person portfolio
A control panel where AI agents propose work across several ventures, and anything irreversible waits for a human yes.
- Private AI that runs at home
Small open models running entirely on my own machines: an offline chat in the browser, and a home assistant that never leaves the network.
- An opportunity engine
Taking an open-source research framework built for trading and generalising it, so trading becomes one plugin among several.
- Between the UK and Turkey
Two places, two languages, and the useful friction between them.
- White Dragon
The van is real. What it becomes is still open.
Reading list, by world
Works named on each subject page. Linked titles are free to read online.
Origin
- 1890 The Principles of Psychology — William James Consciousness
- 1900–01 Logical Investigations — Edmund Husserl Consciousness
- 2021 Being You — Anil Seth Consciousness
- c. 399 BCE Apology — Plato Philosophy
- c. 340 BCE Nicomachean Ethics — Aristotle Philosophy
- c. 170–180 Meditations — Marcus Aurelius Philosophy
- c. 8th–6th century BCE Tat tvam asi — Chandogya Upanishad Nonduality
- early 1900s Who Am I? — Ramana Maharshi Nonduality
- 1966 The Book — Alan Watts Nonduality
- 1690 An Essay Concerning Human Understanding — John Locke Identity
- 1956 The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life — Erving Goffman Identity
- 1984 Reasons and Persons — Derek Parfit Identity
- c. 375 BCE Republic, the allegory of the cave — Plato Perception
- 1954 The Doors of Perception — Aldous Huxley Perception
Cosmos
- c. 150 Almagest — Ptolemy Astronomy
- 1543 On the Revolutions — Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomy
- 1610 Sidereus Nuncius — Galileo Galilei Astronomy
- 1916 Solution to Einstein’s field equations — Karl Schwarzschild Black holes
- 1994 Black Holes and Time Warps — Kip Thorne Black holes
- 2022 Image of Sagittarius A* — Event Horizon Telescope Black holes
- 1905 On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies — Albert Einstein Relativity
- 1915 The Field Equations of Gravitation — Albert Einstein Relativity
- 1930 The Physical Principles of the Quantum Theory — Werner Heisenberg Quantum mechanics
- 1985 QED: The Strange Theory of Light and Matter — Richard Feynman Quantum mechanics
- 2020 Helgoland — Carlo Rovelli Quantum mechanics
- c. 300 BCE Elements — Euclid Mathematics
- 1202 Liber Abaci — Fibonacci Mathematics
- 1931 Incompleteness theorems — Kurt Gödel Mathematics
Life
- 1859 On the Origin of Species — Charles Darwin Evolution
- 1976 The Selfish Gene — Richard Dawkins Evolution
- 2008 Your Inner Fish — Neil Shubin Evolution
- 5th century BCE On Airs, Waters and Places — Hippocratic Corpus Body and health
- 1966 Light on Yoga — B. K. S. Iyengar Body and health
- 2017 Why We Sleep — Matthew Walker Body and health
- 2008 In Defense of Food — Michael Pollan Food and nutrition
- current Healthy diet fact sheet — World Health Organization Food and nutrition
- current Eat well — NHS Food and nutrition
- 1859 On the Origin of Species (the “tangled bank”) — Charles Darwin Living systems
- 1979 Gaia: A New Look at Life on Earth — James Lovelock Living systems
- 2021 Highly accurate protein structure prediction with AlphaFold — Jumper et al. Living systems
- c. 5th century BCE Analects — Confucius Relationships
- 1923 I and Thou — Martin Buber Relationships
- 2000 Bowling Alone — Robert Putnam Relationships
Civilization
- 1776 The Wealth of Nations — Adam Smith Economics and money
- 1945 The Use of Knowledge in Society — Friedrich Hayek Economics and money
- 2011 Debt: The First 5,000 Years — David Graeber Economics and money
- c. 125 Enchiridion — Epictetus Ownership and capital
- 1689 Second Treatise of Government — John Locke Ownership and capital
- 1990 Governing the Commons — Elinor Ostrom Ownership and capital
- 1377 Muqaddimah — Ibn Khaldun History and institutions
- 1651 Leviathan — Thomas Hobbes History and institutions
- 2012 Why Nations Fail — Acemoglu and Robinson History and institutions
Intelligence
- 1986 Learning representations by back-propagating errors — Rumelhart, Hinton and Williams AI and neural networks
- 2017 Attention Is All You Need — Vaswani et al. AI and neural networks
- 2019 Artificial Intelligence: A Guide for Thinking Humans — Melanie Mitchell AI and neural networks
- 1948 Cybernetics — Norbert Wiener Agents and automation
- 2022 ReAct — Yao et al. Agents and automation
- 2019 Human Compatible — Stuart Russell Agents and automation
- 1843 Notes on the Analytical Engine — Ada Lovelace Computing and information
- 1936 On Computable Numbers — Alan Turing Computing and information
- 1948 A Mathematical Theory of Communication — Claude Shannon Computing and information
Creation
- 1985 Innovation and Entrepreneurship — Peter Drucker Entrepreneurship
- 2012 How to Get Startup Ideas — Paul Graham Entrepreneurship
- 2011 The Lean Startup — Eric Ries Entrepreneurship
- c. 15 BCE De architectura — Vitruvius Design
- 1977 A Pattern Language — Christopher Alexander Design
- 1988 The Design of Everyday Things — Don Norman Design
- written 1558–63 Autobiography — Benvenuto Cellini Making and invention
- 2015 The Wright Brothers — David McCullough Making and invention
- 2008 The Craftsman — Richard Sennett Making and invention
- 1580 Essais — Michel de Montaigne Writing
- 1946 Politics and the English Language — George Orwell Writing
- 1989 The Writing Life — Annie Dillard Writing
- 6th century BCE The monochord and harmonic ratios — Pythagorean tradition Music and sound
- 1619 Harmonices Mundi — Johannes Kepler Music and sound
- 1863 On the Sensations of Tone — Hermann von Helmholtz Music and sound
Frontier
- 1977 Space and Place — Yi-Fu Tuan Places: Bristol and Burdur
- 1958 The Poetics of Space — Gaston Bachelard Places: Bristol and Burdur
- 1789 The Natural History of Selborne — Gilbert White Places: Bristol and Burdur
- 1994 Pale Blue Dot — Carl Sagan Space exploration
- 1994 A Man on the Moon — Andrew Chaikin Space exploration
- current Voyager mission pages — NASA Space exploration
- 1854 Walden — Henry David Thoreau Self-sufficient living
- 1988 Permaculture: A Designers’ Manual — Bill Mollison Self-sufficient living
- current Agroecology Knowledge Hub — FAO Self-sufficient living
- 1355 Rihla — Ibn Battuta Travel and expeditions
- 1949 The Hero with a Thousand Faces — Joseph Campbell Travel and expeditions
- 1987 The Songlines — Bruce Chatwin Travel and expeditions
- 1228 The Gateless Gate — Wumen Huikai Open questions
- 1817 Letter on negative capability — John Keats Open questions
- 1929 Letters to a Young Poet — Rainer Maria Rilke Open questions
- 1955 The Phenomenon of Man — Pierre Teilhard de Chardin Future possibilities
- 1970 Future Shock — Alvin Toffler Future possibilities
- 2014 Superintelligence — Nick Bostrom Future possibilities
Sources
The registry behind every fact. Each subject cites these by number.
Research papers 16
- A Mathematical Theory of Communication Bell System Technical Journal, 1948 DOI confirmed in Crossref 5 Nov 2026 · cited in Computing and information
- Attention Is All You Need arXiv, 2017 page checked 5 Nov 2026 · cited in AI and neural networks
- Computing Machinery and Intelligence Mind, 1950 DOI confirmed in Crossref 5 Nov 2026 · cited in Agents and automation
- Estimating the reproducibility of psychological science Science, 2015 DOI confirmed in Crossref 5 Nov 2026 · cited in Open questions
- Gorillas in Our Midst: Sustained Inattentional Blindness for Dynamic Events Perception (journal), 1999 DOI confirmed in Crossref 5 Nov 2026 · cited in Perception
- Highly accurate protein structure prediction with AlphaFold Nature, 2021 page checked 5 Nov 2026
- Learning representations by back-propagating errors Nature, 1986 DOI confirmed in Crossref 5 Nov 2026 · cited in AI and neural networks
- Modular Elliptic Curves and Fermat's Last Theorem Annals of Mathematics, 1995 DOI confirmed in Crossref 5 Nov 2026 · cited in Mathematics
- On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society, 1936 DOI confirmed in Crossref 5 Nov 2026 · cited in Computing and information
- Rapid emergence of life shown by discovery of 3,700-million-year-old microbial structures Nature, 2016 DOI confirmed in Crossref 5 Nov 2026 · cited in Evolution
- ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Models arXiv, 2022 page checked 5 Nov 2026 · cited in Agents and automation
- Relativity in the Global Positioning System Living Reviews in Relativity, 2003 DOI confirmed in Crossref 5 Nov 2026 · cited in Relativity
- Revised Estimates for the Number of Human and Bacteria Cells in the Body PLOS Biology, 2016 DOI confirmed in Crossref 5 Nov 2026 · cited in Body and health
- The Laniakea supercluster of galaxies Nature, 2014 DOI confirmed in Crossref 5 Nov 2026
- The restorative benefits of nature: Toward an integrative framework Journal of Environmental Psychology, 1995 DOI confirmed in Crossref 5 Nov 2026 · cited in Travel and expeditions
- The Strength of Weak Ties American Journal of Sociology, 1973 DOI confirmed in Crossref 5 Nov 2026 · cited in Relationships
Primary texts 11
- Apology, by Plato Project Gutenberg, c. 399 BCE page checked 5 Nov 2026 · cited in Philosophy, Writing
- Essays of Michel de Montaigne Project Gutenberg, 1580 page checked 5 Nov 2026 · cited in Writing
- Euclid's Elements Clark University (D. E. Joyce), c. 300 BCE page checked 5 Nov 2026 · cited in Mathematics
- Meditations, by Marcus Aurelius Project Gutenberg, c. 170–180 page checked 5 Nov 2026
- On the Origin of Species, by Charles Darwin Project Gutenberg, 1859 page checked 5 Nov 2026 · cited in Evolution
- The Code of Hammurabi Yale Law School, Avalon Project, c. 1754 BCE page checked 5 Nov 2026 · cited in Ownership and capital, History and institutions
- The Kybalion, by Three Initiates Project Gutenberg, 1908 page checked 5 Nov 2026
- The Nicomachean Ethics, by Aristotle Project Gutenberg, c. 340 BCE page checked 5 Nov 2026
- The Principles of Psychology, William James Classics in the History of Psychology (York University), 1890 page checked 5 Nov 2026 · cited in Consciousness
- The Republic, by Plato Project Gutenberg, c. 375 BCE page checked 5 Nov 2026
- The Wealth of Nations, by Adam Smith Project Gutenberg, 1776 page checked 5 Nov 2026 · cited in Economics and money
Books and essays 2
- How to Get Startup Ideas Paul Graham, 2012 page checked 5 Nov 2026 · cited in Entrepreneurship
- The Problems of Philosophy, by Bertrand Russell Project Gutenberg, 1912 page checked 5 Nov 2026
Encyclopedias 15
- Absolute and Relational Space and Motion: Post-Newtonian Theories Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy page checked 5 Nov 2026
- Consciousness Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy page checked 5 Nov 2026 · cited in Consciousness
- Evolution Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy page checked 5 Nov 2026
- Existentialism Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy page checked 5 Nov 2026 · cited in Philosophy
- Japanese Zen Buddhist Philosophy Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy page checked 5 Nov 2026 · cited in Nonduality
- Locke on Personal Identity Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy page checked 5 Nov 2026 · cited in Identity
- Personal Identity Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy page checked 5 Nov 2026 · cited in Identity
- Phenomenology Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy page checked 5 Nov 2026 · cited in Consciousness
- Pythagoreanism Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy page checked 5 Nov 2026 · cited in Mathematics, Music and sound
- Quantum Entanglement and Information Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy page checked 5 Nov 2026
- Quantum Mechanics Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy page checked 5 Nov 2026
- The Concept of the Aesthetic Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy page checked 5 Nov 2026 · cited in Design
- The Problem of Perception Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy page checked 5 Nov 2026 · cited in Perception
- Vedanta, Advaita Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy page checked 5 Nov 2026 · cited in Nonduality
- Virtue Ethics Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy page checked 5 Nov 2026 · cited in Philosophy
Science and public agencies 28
- 60 years ago, the Space Age began NASA, 2017 page checked 5 Nov 2026 · cited in Space exploration
- Agroecology Knowledge Hub Food and Agriculture Organization page checked 5 Nov 2026 · cited in Self-sufficient living
- Apollo 11 NASA page checked 5 Nov 2026 · cited in Space exploration
- Black Holes NASA Science page checked 5 Nov 2026 · cited in Black holes
- Eat well NHS page checked 5 Nov 2026
- Euclid European Space Agency page checked 5 Nov 2026 · cited in Open questions
- Facts About Earth NASA Science page checked 5 Nov 2026
- Gaia European Space Agency page checked 5 Nov 2026 · cited in Astronomy
- Galaxies NASA Science page checked 5 Nov 2026
- Geologic Time: Age of the Earth US Geological Survey page checked 5 Nov 2026 · cited in Evolution
- Gravitational Waves Detected 100 Years After Einstein's Prediction LIGO Caltech, 2016 page checked 5 Nov 2026 · cited in Black holes
- Healthy diet (fact sheet) World Health Organization page checked 5 Nov 2026 · cited in Food and nutrition
- Human and Robotic Exploration European Space Agency page checked 5 Nov 2026
- International Space Station NASA page checked 5 Nov 2026 · cited in Space exploration
- James Webb Space Telescope NASA Science page checked 5 Nov 2026 · cited in Astronomy
- NASA History NASA page checked 5 Nov 2026
- NASA Spacecraft Embarks on Historic Journey Into Interstellar Space NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 2013 page checked 5 Nov 2026 · cited in Space exploration
- Noise-Induced Hearing Loss NIDCD (US National Institutes of Health) page checked 5 Nov 2026 · cited in Music and sound
- ONS Office for National Statistics page checked 5 Nov 2026
- Physical activity (fact sheet) World Health Organization page checked 5 Nov 2026 · cited in Body and health
- Planck European Space Agency page checked 5 Nov 2026
- Set up a business GOV.UK page checked 5 Nov 2026
- Sun: Facts NASA Science page checked 5 Nov 2026 · cited in Perception
- The Human Genome Project National Human Genome Research Institute page checked 5 Nov 2026 · cited in Living systems
- Universe overview NASA Science page checked 5 Nov 2026
- Uranus NASA Science page checked 5 Nov 2026
- Voyager NASA Science page checked 5 Nov 2026
- What is money? Bank of England page checked 5 Nov 2026 · cited in Economics and money
Datasets 14
- Access to electricity (% of population), World — EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS World Bank Open Data data pulled from API 5 Nov 2026 · cited in Self-sufficient living
- Artificial Intelligence Our World in Data page checked 5 Nov 2026 · cited in Computing and information, Future possibilities
- Business demography, UK: 2023 Office for National Statistics, 2024 page checked 5 Nov 2026 · cited in Entrepreneurship
- CODATA value: speed of light in vacuum NIST page checked 5 Nov 2026 · cited in Relativity
- GDP (current US$), World — NY.GDP.MKTP.CD World Bank Open Data page checked 5 Nov 2026 · cited in Economics and money
- Global Solar Atlas World Bank Group / Solargis page checked 5 Nov 2026 · cited in Places: Bristol and Burdur
- International Chronostratigraphic Chart International Commission on Stratigraphy page checked 5 Nov 2026
- Land polygons, 1:50m Natural Earth (public domain) page checked 5 Nov 2026
- Land Use Our World in Data page checked 5 Nov 2026 · cited in Food and nutrition
- Life Expectancy Our World in Data page checked 5 Nov 2026
- Life expectancy at birth, World — SP.DYN.LE00.IN World Bank Open Data data pulled from API 5 Nov 2026 · cited in Body and health
- OpenStreetMap OpenStreetMap page checked 5 Nov 2026 · cited in Places: Bristol and Burdur
- Planetary Fact Sheet — Metric NASA Goddard (NSSDCA) page checked 5 Nov 2026 · cited in Astronomy
- Population, total, World — SP.POP.TOTL World Bank Open Data data pulled from API 5 Nov 2026 · cited in History and institutions
Institutions and organisations 25
- 1903 Wright Flyer Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum, 1903 page checked 5 Nov 2026 · cited in Making and invention
- Albert Einstein — Facts Nobel Prize, 1921 page checked 5 Nov 2026
- Building effective AI agents Anthropic, 2024 page checked 5 Nov 2026 · cited in Agents and automation
- Dieter Rams: ten principles for good design Vitsœ page checked 5 Nov 2026 · cited in Design
- Douglass C. North — Facts Nobel Prize, 1993 page checked 5 Nov 2026 · cited in History and institutions
- Elinor Ostrom — Facts Nobel Prize, 2009 page checked 5 Nov 2026 · cited in Ownership and capital
- Global Ecovillage Network Global Ecovillage Network page checked 5 Nov 2026 · cited in Self-sufficient living
- Harvard Study of Adult Development Harvard Study of Adult Development page checked 5 Nov 2026 · cited in Relationships
- Homo sapiens Smithsonian Human Origins Program page checked 5 Nov 2026 · cited in Evolution
- Max Planck — Facts Nobel Prize, 1918 page checked 5 Nov 2026 · cited in Quantum mechanics
- Patents World Intellectual Property Organization page checked 5 Nov 2026 · cited in Making and invention
- Poverty overview World Bank Group page checked 5 Nov 2026
- Seabed 2030 Nippon Foundation–GEBCO page checked 5 Nov 2026 · cited in Travel and expeditions
- The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2024 Nobel Prize, 2024 page checked 5 Nov 2026 · cited in Living systems, Future possibilities
- The Nobel Prize in Physics 2011 Nobel Prize, 2011 page checked 5 Nov 2026
- The Nobel Prize in Physics 2017 Nobel Prize, 2017 page checked 5 Nov 2026 · cited in Relativity
- The Nobel Prize in Physics 2020 Nobel Prize, 2020 page checked 5 Nov 2026 · cited in Black holes
- The Nobel Prize in Physics 2022 Nobel Prize, 2022 page checked 5 Nov 2026 · cited in Quantum mechanics
- The Nobel Prize in Physics 2024 Nobel Prize, 2024 page checked 5 Nov 2026 · cited in AI and neural networks, Future possibilities
- The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1962 Nobel Prize, 1962 page checked 5 Nov 2026 · cited in Living systems
- The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2017 Nobel Prize, 2017 page checked 5 Nov 2026 · cited in Body and health
- The Prize in Economic Sciences 1974 Nobel Prize, 1974 page checked 5 Nov 2026
- The Prize in Economic Sciences 2024 Nobel Prize, 2024 page checked 5 Nov 2026 · cited in History and institutions
- The Standard Model CERN page checked 5 Nov 2026 · cited in Quantum mechanics
- YC's essential startup advice Y Combinator page checked 5 Nov 2026 · cited in Entrepreneurship
Datasets
- Life on a timeline of deep time
Places key moments in the history of life on a scale where each step back is ten times older.
- World life expectancy at birth, 1960–2024
How long a newborn could expect to live, worldwide, by year.
- The planets, to scale in distance and time
Shows how far apart the planets really are and how long each year lasts, using NASA’s figures.
- Bristol to Burdur
Where the two homes are, and the distance between them.
- The space age
The milestones of human and robotic exploration, from the first powered flight to Webb.
- WHO healthy-diet targets for adults
The daily limits and minimums WHO recommends, side by side.
- World GDP, 1960–2024 (current US$)
The size of the world economy in money terms; not adjusted for inflation.
- World population, 1960–2024
The number of people alive, by year.